ASTM A213/A213M Grade T91 Introduce
ASTM A213/A213M Grade T91 is used in a wide range of applications including petrochemical, chemical and power plants, condensers and cooling systems, shell and tube heat exchangers, evaporators, pressure vessels, automotive parts and many more. It is widely used in heat exchangers, where precise control of temperature, pressure and flow are vital.
Smelting temperature:1857°C - 1165°C
Application:Seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy steel boilers, superheaters and heat exchanger tubes
ASTM A213/A213M Grade T91 Material Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of the ASTM A213/A213M Grade T91 steel are as follows:
| Element | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen (N) | 0.0300 | 0.0700 |
| Aluminum (Al) | - | 0.0400 |
| Niobium (Nb) | 0.0600 | 0.1000 |
| Vanadium (V) | 0.1800 | 0.2500 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 0.8500 | 1.0500 |
| Nickel (Ni) | - | 0.4000 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 8.0000 | 9.5000 |
| PhOsphorus (P) | - | 0.0200 |
| Sulfur (S) | - | 0.0100 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.3000 | 0.6000 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.2000 | 0.5000 |
| Carbon (C) | 0.0800 | 0.1200 |
| Zirconium (Zr) | - | 0.0100 |
| Titanium (Ti) | - | 0.0100 |
| Carbon (C) | 0.0700 | 0.1400 |
| Aluminum (Al) | - | 0.0200 |
ASTM A213/A213M Grade T91 Material Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of the ASTM A213/A213M Grade T91 steel are as follows:
| YieldRp0.2 | ≤ 323 (MPa) |
| TeileRm | ≤ 144 (MPa) |
| ImpactKV/Ku | 11(J) |
| ElongationA | 33% |
| Reduction in cross section on fractureZ | 44% |
| As-Heat-Treated Condition | Solution and Aging, Annealing, Ausaging, Q+T,etc |
| Brinell hardness (HBW) | 222 |
ASTM A213/A213M Grade T91 Material Thermal Properties
The thermal performance parameters of the ASTM A213/A213M Grade T91 steel are as follows:
| Temperature (°C) | 31 | 396 | 571 |
| Modulus of elasticity (GPa) | - | 351 | - |
| Mean coefficient of thermal expaion ×10-6/(°C) | - | - | 42 |
| Thermal conductivity (W/m·°C) | - | 23.3 | 22.2 |
| Specific thermal capacity (J/kg·°C) | - | 321 | - |
| Specific electrical resistivity (Ω mm²/m) | 0.11 | - | - |
| Deity (kg/dm³) | - | - | 334 |
| Poisson’s coefficient, ν | - | - | 223 |